Inspection and screening methods for electronic components

Date：2024-03-20 13:51:19 Views：518

Electronic component testing can ensure the normal operation of components, which is a very important basic task. There are various types of components, and their working principles and technical characteristics are different. Therefore, different testing methods should be selected for testing. When selecting components, it is necessary to screen them reasonably based on their various performance, make reasonable choices, and improve the reliability of the product.

1、 Visual inspection

This is a simple and feasible inspection method that can detect early defects in some electronic components and damage during the procurement process. When identifying and testing electronic components, the following operations should be followed: appearance inspection is a simple inspection of the components, which can detect some early defects and wear during the procurement process. The appearance inspection and identification of electronic components mainly require checking the model, specifications, manufacturer, place of origin, etc. of the components, whether there are defects such as dents and scratches on the appearance of the product, and whether the components in various electronic products have their own characteristics such as the model and specifications of the product. When inspecting, the inspection content should be determined according to the specific requirements of each component.

2、 Electrical performance testing

In order to ensure the stable and reliable operation of electronic products, the screening of components requires testing their various electrical properties. According to the requirements of component use, one or more simulated stress tests should be applied to expose defects and detect the failed products.

1. Component efficiency curve

The efficiency curve of electronic components, also known as the bathtub curve, reflects the failure pattern of components in use. Generally, when components are first put into use, the failure rate is high due to defects in raw materials, equipment, processes, and other factors during the manufacturing process. After using the components for a period of time, the failure rate of the components is relatively low, which is the accidental failure period. After the normal use period, the components enter the aging and failure period, which is the loss and failure period. The working life of the components ends in the aging and failure period, and the failure rate of the components increases.

2. Screening and Aging of Electronic Components

The screening of aging components should be carried out by artificially creating early working conditions for components, placing them in simulated working voltage states, and removing early failed products before use to improve product reliability. In the production process, screening aging includes high temperature storage aging, high and low temperature cycling aging, high and low temperature impact aging, and high temperature power aging. With the improvement of the production level of electronic components, different aging screening requirements and processes should be selected according to different product requirements, national and enterprise standards. For typical components used in electronic products or equipment with extremely high reliability requirements, 100% screening is required. For components used in civilian products with low requirements, sampling testing should be adopted; For the components used in the development and manufacturing of general electronic products, natural aging and simple electrical aging methods should be adopted.

3. Parameter performance testing

Electronic components that have undergone appearance inspection and aging should undergo performance index testing to eliminate expired components. Before testing, have a comprehensive understanding of common problems and solutions in electronic component testing. Multiple universal or specialized testing instruments are required. For general electronic designs or components used in electronic devices, ordinary instruments such as multimeters should be used for testing. When using a multimeter for testing, pay attention to the usage requirements of the multimeter and use it correctly.