Common screening items for electronic components

Electronic components are an indispensable component of modern electronic products. It is crucial to choose appropriate electronic components to ensure the performance and reliability of electronic products. This article will introduce the screening principles of electronic components and common screening items.

1、 Principles for screening electronic components

1. Specification and performance matching: Select electronic components with specifications and performance matching according to the design requirements of electronic products. For example, if a capacitor is needed to store charges, it is necessary to choose a capacitor with appropriate capacity.

2. Reliability and lifespan: Electronic products require long-term stable operation, so choosing electronic components with high reliability and long lifespan is very important. Reliability can be evaluated by understanding the supplier's reputation and product quality certification.

3. Cost efficiency: When selecting electronic components, cost efficiency needs to be considered. High performance electronic components are usually expensive, but sometimes low-cost components can also meet the demand. It is necessary to balance the relationship between cost and performance.

4. Supply chain and availability: Choose electronic components with stable supply chain and high availability. If a certain component supply chain is unstable, it may lead to production delays or shutdowns.

5. Compatibility and Interface: When selecting electronic components, it is necessary to consider their compatibility and interface with other components. Ensure normal communication and collaboration between various components.

2、 Common electronic component screening projects

1、 Vibration and impact tests

Conduct vibration and impact tests on the product, aiming to simulate the vibration and impact environment that the product will experience during use. This test can effectively identify various faults of defective and inferior components during the simulation process, and discover various faults such as virtual soldering and solder leakage. This test is an important screening item for some precision electronic equipment.

2、 Constant temperature test

The failure of electronic components is mostly caused by various physical and chemical conditions inside or on the surface, all of which are somewhat related to temperature. In high temperature environments, the failure process of components is accelerated, and the corresponding physical and chemical reactions are accelerated, allowing defective components to be exposed early and easily removed. This screening is often applied to semiconductor components, usually stored at high temperatures for 1 day to 1 week, and can effectively eliminate components with various failure mechanisms such as poor bonding and oxide layer defects. After high-temperature storage, the parameter performance of components can also be stabilized, reducing parameter drift during use. The thermal stress and screening time of various components should be appropriately selected to avoid the emergence of new failure mechanisms.

3、 High and low temperature test

Electronic products will encounter various environments during use, and under different environmental conditions, they will be subjected to hot and cold environments. Under the effect of thermal expansion and contraction, components with poor performance will exhibit various failure mechanisms. Therefore, this type of test can be used to screen products for changes in thermal expansion and contraction in high and low temperature environments, effectively removing products with performance defects. The usual temperature for component selection is -55 ℃ to+125 ℃, and the cycle test is conducted 5-10 times.

4、 Centrifugal acceleration test

The centrifugal acceleration test, also known as the constant stress acceleration test. This screening is usually carried out on semiconductor devices, where the centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation is applied to the device to eliminate devices with weak bonding strength, poor matching of internal leads, and poor mounting. Typically, a centrifugal acceleration of 20000g is selected and the test is continued for one minute.

5、 Electrical performance test

Various electronic components need to be tested under rated power conditions for several hours to a week. The electrical stress of various components should be appropriately selected, which can be equal to or slightly higher than the rated conditions, but new failure mechanisms cannot be introduced. Under the combined action of thermoelectric stress, multiple potential defects inside and on the surface of components can be effectively exposed, making it an important item for reliability screening.

This article introduces the screening principles and common screening items for electronic components. Screening through various projects can also help us identify the advantages and disadvantages of products, prevent us from purchasing fake and inferior components, and affect the quality of subsequent products.