What are the basic principles and applications of ultrasonic non-destructive testing?

ultrasonicNon destructive testing（Ultrasonic Testing, UT）It is a non-destructive testing method that utilizes the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic waves in materials to detect defects and evaluate material properties. The basic principles and applications are as follows:

principle

1. Generation of ultrasonic waves:

   - Using an ultrasonic generator (such as a piezoelectric transducer) to convert electrical signals into high-frequency sound waves (usually in...)1 MHzreach10 MHzBetween).

2. Sound wave propagation:

   - Ultrasonic waves propagate through the material being tested. When sound waves encounter internal defects in materials (such as cracks, pores, inclusions, etc.) or material interfaces (such as connections between different materials), reflection, refraction, and scattering occur.

3. Signal reception:

   - The reflected sound waves are received by the same transducer or another receiver. The received signal will be converted back into an electrical signal.

4. Signal analysis:

   - By analyzing parameters such as amplitude, time delay, and frequency of the received signal, inspectors can determine the type, location, and size of defects inside the material.

application

1. Metal and welded component testing:

   - Used for detecting internal defects in metal materials, such as cracks, pores, and inclusions, especially in quality inspection of welded joints.

2. Composite material testing:

   - In the aerospace and automotive industries, ultrasonic testing can be used to inspect defects such as interlayer delamination and bubbles in composite materials.

3. Pipeline and container inspection:

   - Used to detect corrosion, wear, and cracks in pipelines, pressure vessels, and storage tanks to ensure their safety and reliability.

4. Thickness measurement:

   - By measuring the propagation time of sound waves in materials, the thickness of the material can be accurately measured, especially in cases of corrosion or wear.

5. Medical applications:

   - In medicine, ultrasound is used for imaging and diagnosis, such as ultrasound examination（BSuper, etc.

6. Mineral and soil testing:

   - Used for detecting underground structures and mineral deposits, and evaluating the physical properties of soil.

Advantages and limitations

advantage:

- Non destructive testing will not cause damage to the material.

- High sensitivity, capable of detecting small defects.

- Can be used for various materials such as metal, plastic, ceramics, etc.

- Fast detection speed, suitable for large-scale detection.

limitations:

- For materials with complex geometric shapes or rough surfaces, detection may be limited.

- Professional personnel are required for operation and analysis.

- For certain materials, such as very small defects or excessive thickness, they may be difficult to detect.

conclusion

Ultrasonic non-destructive testing is an efficient and sensitive detection technology widely used in various industries to help ensure the safety and reliability of materials and structures.